John Smith Essay - 857 Words

John Smith is one of the most famous people in American literature history. He was a dedicated man to his country of England, and wanted nothing more than to claim America in the name of the king. During his adventures to the new land he encountered many new things and people including a young Native American woman named Pocahontas. He also wrote many journals enticing people to want to come to America. This shall tell you the story of John Smith from his journeys as a young man all the way to when he finally came to America, and how his writings still influence people to immigrate to America still today. John Smith was born in Lincolnshire, England to a farmer and his wife in 1580. He only had a grammar school education, but with this†¦show more content†¦With this policy, the survival rate grew to nearly ninety percent that year. He organized successful trading with the Native American Powhattan. Smith was however captured by him and only spared when Powhattan’s daughter Pocahontas pleaded for his life. This is where the story of Pocahontas comes from. Smith wrote a letter about this encounter to Queen Anne when he heard of her coming to England years later. He wanted to ensure that she would not be treated as someone that could not be trusted. He wanted to show her loyalty to him and to England. Smith was badly burned in 1606 from a gunpowder explosion and forced to return back to England. In 1614 he returned with an expedition to map the New England coastline. He would never return to Virginia again after this. He would from then on only promote colonizing the New England area. His efforts to promote colonizing were blocked by weather, pirates and lack of funding. He then resorted to writing about colonization. In his writing he elaborated about how wonderful it was in the new world. He would say that the fish practically jump into your boat when you go fishing and things such as that. He made the new world seem better than it really was so people would want to travel here and settle in it. His plan worked because year after year more and more people flocked to the New England hoping to colonize and not have to worry about running outShow MoreRelatedThe Legacy Of John Smith1043 Words   |  5 PagesWhen the name John Smith is mentioned, people of all ages are familiar with it and could tell a lot about him. Why is this? How is it that a man who lived over 400 years ago still so popular today, more specifically to our children? The answer to that question is because John Smith can be viewed as one of America’s earliest heroes. His leadership was vital to the survival of the Jamestown colony. Most people are familiar with his famous quote, â€Å"he that will not work shall not eat.† He carried allRead MoreJohn Smith vs John Winthrop2051 Words   |  9 PagesJessica Helin Paper 1 U.S. History 1 GEN223 John Smith vs. John Winthrop In the early years of America, there was a great deal of political and religious turmoil occurring in England. People wanted to escape to a place where they wouldnt be outlawed for their independent congregations and personal philosophies that they believed in. Eminent men, like John Smith and John Winthrop, saw America as a great opportunity to start over where they could establish new communities separatedRead MorePocahontas and John Smith805 Words   |  4 PagesPocahontas and John Smith Pocahontas is set in 1607, just as a new age of exploration has begun. A group of British adventurers led by the greedy governor of the Virginia Company, John Ratcliffe, and including a fearless soldier named John Smith, have set sail for the New World aboard The Susan Constant, seeking gold and other treasures. Meanwhile, in Virginia, a beautiful young Native American woman named Pocahontas, the daughter of Chief Powhatan. The type of painting is made of oilRead MoreDisadvantages And Advants Of Captain John Smith Vs. Jamestown Vs717 Words   |  3 Pagescolony won’t abandon you and will embrace you as a family member. While on the other hand, if you are on Captain John Smiths Crew you will get to travel the sea and claim new territory, but if you get sick or injured you will be left for dead. Advantages and disadvantages we all have our own thirst for adventure and will make it hard to choose between the two colonies. Capt. John Smith and both Bradford were both the leader of their colonies (Jamestown Plymouth). They had both traveled from EnglandRead MoreJohn Smith Essays1440 Words   |  6 PagesJohn Smith As an adventurous English boy, John Smith longed to see the world, but he probably never imagined that hed become famous for helping settle a new colony. John Smith belongs in History because he is the one who helped Jamestown get food and helped organize and run the colony. John Smith, English explorer and colonist, was an important leader and has changed America. John Smith was born on January 8, 1580 in a small town of Willoughby, Lincolnshire, England. A couple days after JohnsRead MoreThe Battle Of The Settlers By John Smith1474 Words   |  6 PagesNewport gone, John Smith took matters into his own hands, doing what he believed was best for the colony. In a desperate effort to save the settlers, Smith made a courageous attempt to trade with the local Native Americans for food. On December 10, 1607, Smith and a small group of men sailed up the James River only to be attacked by a Native American tribe when they entered the forest. In the short, bloody battle, two Native American warriors were killed as well as the colonial explorers. Smith was capturedRead MoreJohn Smith : A True Hero996 Words   |  4 PagesMany of us know John Smith as a fearless leader, a true hero, a man who was solely responsible for the success of Jamestown (the first English colony in the North America). Yes, John Smith was a courageous leader, but he wasn†™t perfect. Like most men of the 1600’s John Smith’s attitude toward Native Americans was cruel and unkind. He treated most Native Americans as lesser beings, establishing himself as a superior figure over them. Multiple times John Smith displays his bias toward Native AmericansRead MoreClassical and Neoclassical Economists: Adam Smith and John Maynard Keynes1289 Words   |  6 Pagesessay I will only refer to the classical economists and the neoclassical economists. The two most influential economists that helped to shape our economy with their thoughts and theories that are still used in modern economy are Adam Smith a classical economist and John Maynard Keynes a neoclassical economist. These two economists are the most famous economists of all times. Even though that its known that their thoughts are opposites to one and other they also share some similarities for example asRead MoreThe Legacy Of Captain John Smith s Life Essay1278 Words   |  6 Pageson the exploits of Captain John Smith’s life, in this paper I will be covering several of his many achievements. In addition, I will be dispelling several of the popular myths in regards to his life that many modern day Americans believe in. Some of these more modern day myths or false narratives are due to his story being adapted and changed in order to make a children’s video by Disney, while others have been debated by historians ever since they were penned by Smith in one of his most famous worksRead MoreJohn Locke, Adam Smith, And Edmund Burke1922 Words   |  8 PagesJessica Morales Posc005W February 4, 2016 Section 22 John Locke, Adam Smith, and Edmund Burke have several values that are illustrated by today’s society. One of these values would be conservatism. It is true that we have changed today’s society, however; have we quickly changed these values or have we slowly taken our time to introduce them? Property is another value that illustrates today’s society. We need a state in order to own property. There is no other form of regulation that will tell

Social Networking Sites Are Not Bad - 1270 Words

Son Nhut Quang Professor Needham ENGL 1010 20 July 2015 Social Networking Nowadays, with the evolution of internet, social networking sites such as Facebook, Twitter, MySpace, and many sites else have become an indispensable part of life for many people. Access to social networks is the first thing that almost people do when they turn on their computer or phone; have you ever wondered why are social networking sites attractive to us? Many people argue that social networking such as Facebook can harm us; however, most of them use Facebook or other social networking sites every day, and some of them post things that will make you wonder why they post it. Social networking site are not bad, just the ways you use them make they become bad. Social networking sites have many benefits, and we can divide the benefits of social networking in four types: information, studying, communication and economy. It is obivious that we know more information when we use social networking site, and it has changed our way to receive information. Social network ing sites are fastest in spreading information because many people use it. According to Kristin Marino, â€Å"recent research confirms that we are living in the digital information age. From Alaska to Florida, nearly half of all Americans get some form of local news on a mobile device, and 46 percent of people get their news online at least three times a week,† so â€Å"social networking sites are a top news source for 27.8% of Americans, rankingShow MoreRelatedSocial Networking Sites Are Good Or Bad For Society2449 Words   |  10 PagesSocial media is a term that does not need to be defined, everyone knows what social media is. Even people in the most distant of places have heard, or even use, social networking sites. People today use social networking sites on a regular basis. 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The Confidentiality vs. Duty to Warn Conundrum free essay sample

The Confidentiality vs. Duty to Warn Conundrum This report will examine the ethical conundrum of patient confidentiality vs. a doctor’s duty to warn a patient of a potential health risk (see Appendix one for scenario). Primarily, this report will argue that patient confidentiality cannot be overruled, as there is not adequate legal or ethical reasoning to do so and as such, Jane’s doctor should not inform her children of their potential mutated gene. A gene can be defined as ‘A sequence of DNA that carries the information required to make a molecule, usually a protein’ (Yourgenome. org: 2010). Deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, is made up of genes and is contained in the nucleus of cells in the human body and its purpose, simply put, is to instruct the body on how and when various proteins should be constructed (Geneticshomereference. gov: 2011). These instructions are constructed, and subsequently differ from organism to organism, by the pairing and subsequent alignment of four bases; adenine thymine, guanine and cytosine. This alignment is known as a double helix (See Appendix 2 for image). Proteins, which are made up of amino acids, are an essential part of all living organisms and are necessary for growth and muscle development (Google Dictionary: 2010). In humans, when a male sperm cell and a female egg cell combine to produce a zygote, specific genes from the two parents are combined. The genes that are selected for this new child are based on their dominant or recessive qualities. Genetic mutation is defined by Wordnetweb. princeton (2010) as being ‘Any alteration in the inherited nucleic acid sequence of the genotype of an organism’. This mutation can occur for a variety of reasons; exposure to radiation, environmental factors (including ultra-violet light) or genetic construction errors. Male sperm cells contain either an XY or XX pattern on their chromosome; an XY pattern eventuates in the creation of a male, while an XX pattern eventuates in a female. Females only receive X chromosomes and as such, they always contribute X chromosomes to a child, whereas a male can contribute either an X or a Y chromosome to the child, as he received both. In this scenario, Jane received a mutated BRCA1 gene from her father, as well as a normal BRCA1 gene from her mother. Subsequently, Jane had two children; a boy and a girl, with a husband who is not a carrier of the mutation. Jane’s children’s pattern of genealogical inheritance in relation to the BRCA1 gene is demonstrated in the table below: (Blue squares represent egg cells contributed by Jane, while red squares represent sperm cells contributed by Jane’s husband. | N (representing a normal BRCA1 gene)| N (representing a normal BRCA1 gene)| M (representing a mutated BRCA1 gene)| MNThis would result in a child carrying the mutation. | NMThis would result in a child carrying the mutation. | N(representing a normal BRCA1 gene)| NNThis would result in a normal BRCA1 gene being inherited. | NNThis would result in a normal BRCA1 gene being inherited. | The above table illustrates that there is only a 50% chance of either child inheriting a mutated BRCA1 gene. This means that there is no guarantee that Jane’s children will have contracted the gene. However, the BRCA1 gene is a gene which, after mutation, is linked with increased likelihood of contracting breast cancer. The BRCA1 gene belongs to a class of genes known as tumour suppressors. Hence, when the gene is mutated, and can no longer do the job it was intended for and the patient becomes far more prone to contracting cancer. According to Cancer. gov, a patient who has a mutated BRCA1 gene is up to 10 times more likely to contract breast cancer, and a utation of the BRCA1 gene is related to 10% of all breast cancer cases in Australia. However, importantly, having a mutated gene does not, in itself, guarantee the growth of a cancer (Geneticshomereference. gov: 2011). The most common form of testing for a mutated BRCA1 gene commences when a blood sample is taken, and the patient’s BRCA1 gene base code is examined. If there are any serious imperfections in the gene code, th en it is highly likely that a mutation has occurred to the BRCA1 gene, and the patient is informed as such (Healthwise: 2011). However, this highly invasive test can cause extreme anxiety and, if every medical practitioner notified relatives if cancer patients so that genetic testing could be conducted, many of the relatives of these cancer patients would suffer further anxiety, while additional financial strain would be placed on the already limited resources available. Genetically, a mutation of any of the tumour suppressing genes, but particularly the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, will cause a heightening of the chances of contacting breast cancer. Environmental and lifestyle factors that may promote the growth of breast cancer include exposure to electro-magnetic or nuclear radiation, obesity, childbearing, hormone replacement therapy, and obsessive alcohol consumption (PHG Foundation: 2010). Treatment of breast cancer usually entails the utilisation of a number of options, including chemotherapy, surgery, radiation therapy, and anti-hormonal therapy (Caring4Cancer: 2011). However, while all of these treatments are extremely invasive, they have been proven to be effective for the vast majority of patients and for most patients, there is no alternative. After treatment, additional screening is conducted every six months, so as to check that the cancer has completely subsided. Much debate exists as to whether breast cancer is a Mendelian or a complex disorder. However, there is more than one type of breast cancer; the most common being infiltrating ductal carcinoma. Although some strains of this disease are definitely related to a single gene, other strains, including infiltrating ductal carcinoma, have not been found to be linked to any one gene but rather a combination of environmental factors and a number of genes (Caring4Cancer: 2011). As such, having a mutated BRCA1 gene does not guarantee that a cancer will develop, as a number of other key factors would also have to be present. The relationship that is entered into between a doctor and a patient is, as the Hippocratic Oath suggests, a completely confidential and private one; â€Å"Whatever in connection with my professional practice†¦ I will not divulge† (Various authors: 1995 adaptation). The Information Privacy Act of 2009 states that â€Å"The use and disclosure of genetic information is only legitimised when: â€Å"The health service provider reasonably believes that there is a serious threat to the life, health or safety of a genetic relative of the patient† * â€Å"The use or disclosure to the genetic relative is necessary to lessen or prevent that threat† (The Queensland Government: 2011) The law clearly stipulates that if the lives of genetic relatives of the patient, such as children, are seriously endangered, a patientâ€℠¢s confidentiality can be broken in the stead of preventing serious harm. However, in this scenario, there is no confirmed ‘serious threat to life’ and as such, if Jane’s doctor was to inform her children of her mutated gene, then his actions could be deemed as being an infringement of Jane’s ethical and legal right to confidentiality. Genetic information is, like all other medical information, a strictly confidential matter, and in this scenario it is important to remember that a child only has a 50% chance of having an identical gene as that of the mother. As there is no confirmed, and therefore arguably no serious, threat presented, it would likely be deemed illegal for Jane’s doctor to breech confidentiality. Wordnetweb. princeton (2010) defines confidentiality as â€Å"The level of official classification for documents†¦ available only to persons authorised to see documents so classified†. In the scenario in question, the only people authorised to observe documents relating to Jane’s genes are her doctor, and any doctors that Jane’s doctor wishes to discuss the matter with; in a strictly professional sense. According to pinoydocs. om, the duty to warn is â€Å"An ethical obligation to tell people of a danger†. In this scenario, the people who are in need of warning are Jane’s children, as the danger is that they may also have a mutated BRCA1 gene, which would significantly increase their chances of contracting a life threatening disease. There are a number of reasons that Jane may have for not wishing to inform her children of her mutated BRCA1 gene, such as a desire for privacy. However, it is vitally important to realise that there is no way of fully comprehending Jane’s reasoning. For example her children may have been adopted or IVF, and she may wish for this to remain private; a privacy which would be compromised if they were to be tested for the gene. Primarily, it is important to note that Jane’s reasons are just that; her own, and as an adult, she is believed to be able to make responsible decisions about her own personal information, and her decision to not inform her children must be respected and complied with by her doctor. If Jane does inform her children, there may be a number of severe negative effects. Her children may suffer undue anxiety; having the gene does not, in itself, guarantee the growth of a cancer. Alternatively, neither child may even have the gene at all. Additionally, relationships often govern ethics, and if Jane’s children were to be informed, then the mother/child relationship may then suffer undue negative feelings, or a lack of trust. If Jane’s children were to be informed, then potential harm may be avoided. However, if the children were to have a mutated BRCA1 gene, a hypothetical situation in itself, then nothing may result; there is only a heightened chance of cancer growth, rather than any guarantee. As such, Jane’s decision may be a wise one; why should she place her family in turmoil if there is only a chance that any harm will actually materialise? The duty to warn can only override the right to confidentiality if there is a serious, and therefore confirmed, threat to life. Even if Jane’s children actually have the gene, there is no evidence of any imminent threat posed by Jane’s actions. Breeching confidentiality may lead to Jane, and eventually the general public, losing trust in the medical practice, which could result in serious further problems including refusal to present and refusal of treatment. Even though Jane’s children may appreciate receiving the information in the short term, it is likely that they and in turn the general public would begin to question the value of patient confidentiality. Furthermore, as the mutation is linked to around 10% of all breast cancers, should the doctors of all of these patients, potentially tens of thousands of people, break confidentiality? This could lead to a slippery-slope effect, wherein eventually, confidentially is no longer valued or upheld; an immeasurable catastrophe for the health care system. In conclusion, this report has found that there is not sufficient reasoning for Jane’s doctor to break patient confidentiality. To do so may cause serious harm to Jane and her family, which may culminate in a complete family breakdown. As well, harsh consequences for her doctor may ensue, as he would likely be deemed to be breaking the law by unjustifiably compromising a patient’s right to confidentiality.