Wednesday, June 17, 2020
False Love, Forever Culture Interpreter of Maladies, Sexy, and Hell Heaven - Literature Essay Samples
Through stories of American-Bengali collision, Jhumpa Lahiri explores the nuances and complexities of cross-cultural relations and desires. In her three distinct works, ââ¬Å"Interpreter of Maladiesâ⬠, ââ¬Å"Sexyâ⬠, and ââ¬Å"Hell Heavenâ⬠, Lahiri examines how oneââ¬â¢s roots can lead to resentment, as well as how people can be vehicles for cultural exploration. In each story, Lahiri tells each characterââ¬â¢s unique stories of cultural frustration and transition through the lense of lust, both sexual and platonic. Through this narrative of desire, Lahiri explains how while lust is often the manifestation of cultural transitioning and dissatisfaction, it is also only temporary. In three distinct stories dissecting American-Bengali cross-cultural relations, Lahiri uses lust to explore the intense longings of each character to belong to a culture different than his or her own, whether it be American or Bengali. In ââ¬Å"Interpreter of Maladiesâ⬠, Lahiri immediately establishes this theme when Mr. Kapasi first describes Mrs. Das, the mother of the American tourist family. In a description of intense fascination, Lahiri notes that Mr. Kapasi ââ¬Å"observed her. She wore a red-and-white-checkered skirt that stopped above her knees, slip-on shoes with a square wooden heel, and a close-fitting blouse styled like a manââ¬â¢s undershirtâ⬠(ââ¬Å"Interpreter of Maladiesâ⬠2). In this description, Lahiri captures Mr. Kapasiââ¬â¢s lust through detailed observation and fixation on the fit of Mrs. Dasââ¬â¢s blouse. Hardly describing the other characters in similar detail, Lahiri instead focuses on Mr. Kapasiââ¬â¢s obsession for Mrs. Das to e xplore how his lust for Mrs. Das is also lust for America. Mr. Dasââ¬â¢s attention towards the tight fit of Mrs. Dasââ¬â¢ blouse as well as her ââ¬Ëred-and-white-checkered skirtââ¬â¢ muddles the line between Mr. Kapasiââ¬â¢s attraction to Mrs. Das and his interest in the ââ¬ËAmericannessââ¬â¢ that the skirt and her other American attire represents. Lahiri once again conveys desire for American culture as a lust for an individual person when Usha, a girl raised in a traditional Bengali household, idolizes Deborah, the white, American fiancà © of her Bengali family friend. In contrast to Ushaââ¬â¢s traditional Bengali outfits that her mother imposes on her, Deborahââ¬â¢s attire is the archetype of American culture. Usha longs for this look and the American lifestyle it implies and notes, ââ¬Å"I loved her serene gray eyes, the ponchos and denim wrap skirts and sandals she wore, her straight hair that she let me manipulate into all sorts of silly styles. I longed for her casual appearanceâ⬠(Hell-Heaven 4). Ushaââ¬â¢s obsession not with Deborahââ¬â¢s personality but rather with her appearance demonstrates Ushaââ¬â¢s specific infatuation with the American culture that Deborah represents. In contrast to the strict and formal lifestyle that Ushaââ¬â¢s Bengali parents impose on her, Deborahââ¬â¢s ââ¬Ëcasualââ¬â¢ appearance portrays the American freedom and ease that Usha yearns for. Similarly, in ââ¬Å"Sexyâ⬠, Miranda lusts after Dev in order to achieve the romantic exoticism that she associates with his Bengali cultur e. Throughout the story, Miranda ties together Devââ¬â¢s Indian ethnicity with him being ââ¬Å"worldlyâ⬠and ââ¬Å"matureâ⬠(ââ¬Å"Sexyâ⬠4), whether these conclusions are fair or not. As she sits at her cubicle, Miranda fantasizes about taking pictures with Dev at places like the Taj Majal, just as her Indian and more worldly deskmate Laxmi already has with her boyfriend: ââ¬Å"Miranda began to wish that there were a picture of her and Dev tacked to the inside of her cubicle, like the one of Laxmi and her husband in front of the Taj Mahalâ⬠(ââ¬Å"Sexyâ⬠4). The image of the Taj Mahal, a symbol of worldliness and Indian culture, emphasizes Mirandaââ¬â¢s desire to associate herself with this different culture. Miranda does not simply want to be with Dev, but wants to be with Dev at the Taj Mahal, demonstrating how her longing for Dev is not only for his love and companionship but also for the Indian culture that he represents. In all three stories , Lahiri intertwines attractive features with symbols and indications of other cultures to draw out how regardless of the charactersââ¬â¢ awareness, their lust captures both interpersonal and intercultural attraction. Once this lust is established, Lahiri demonstrates how this desire derives from Mr. Kapasi and Ushaââ¬â¢s dissatisfaction with Bengali Culture, and Mirandaââ¬â¢s guilt she feels towards her own narrow American upbringing. In ââ¬Å"Interpreter of Maladiesâ⬠, Mr. Kapasiââ¬â¢s fantasies about Mrs. Das stem from his unhappiness with his own marriage. While his own wife represents traditional Bengali culture, Mrs. Das is the antithesis; while his wife serves her husband tea and dresses conservatively, Mrs. Das is self-centered, demanding, and her attire exposes more skin. Lahiri notes this distinction and explains ââ¬Å"He had never seen his own wife fully naked He had never admired the backs of his wifeââ¬â¢s legs the way he now admired those of Mrs. Das, walking as if for his benefit aloneâ⬠(ââ¬Å"Interpreter of Maladiesâ⬠9). This juxtaposition contrasts Bengali and American culture as well as highlights Mr. Kapasiââ¬â¢s attraction to the latter. His d issatisfaction with his Bengali marriage not only fosters dissatisfaction for his culture, but also serves as a point of comparison that awakens Mr. Kapasi to this perceived ââ¬Ëvalueââ¬â¢ of American clothing and culture. Usha similarly loves Deborah because she is the opposite as well as the enemy of her mother. While her mother represents Bengali culture through her traditional family values and reserved demeanor, Debora instead represents the American culture that Usha longs to be a part of. As Ushaââ¬â¢s begins to associate herself with American culture, her respect towards her mother and her Bengali lifestyle falters: ââ¬Å"I began to pity my mother; the older I got, the more I saw what a desolate life she ledâ⬠(ââ¬Å"Hell-Heavenâ⬠11). Ushaââ¬â¢s pity for her mother who symbolizes Bengali values not only demonstrates Ushaââ¬â¢s disdain for Bengali culture, but also her perceived superiority. Her choice of the word desolate further promotes this not ion of a perceived hierarchy between the two cultures by explaining how Ushaââ¬â¢s love of America can only be so strong because she compares America with her perception of empty Bengali culture. However, presenting a contrast to Usha and Mr. Kapasi, Mirandaââ¬â¢s lust derives not from dissatisfaction, but rather guilt. Miranda, born into American culture, feels ashamed of how this upbringing caused her to have racist misconceptions towards Bengalis. As a child, when Miranda would pass by the home of the Dixits, a Bengali family, she ââ¬Å"held her breath until she reached the next lawn, just as she did when the school bus passed a cemetery. It shamed her nowâ⬠(ââ¬Å"Sexyâ⬠10). In Lahiriââ¬â¢s discussion of then vs. now, Lahiri explores how Mirandaââ¬â¢s past informs her present. In describing how Mirandaââ¬â¢s only now feels shame about her past cultural awareness, Lahiri connects Mirandaââ¬â¢s very white, American, and homogeneous childhood culture with her current obsession of experiencing Bengali culture through Dev. Like Mr. Kapasi and Usha, the root of Mirandaââ¬â¢s lust is not love but rather ulterior feelings of disgust towards her orig ins. However, ultimately Lahiri concludes that this lust is only temporary when the charactersââ¬â¢ choose to return to the comfort of their original cultures. In ââ¬Å"Interpreter of Maladiesâ⬠, Mr. Kapasi gives up on his hopes of a relationship with Mrs. Das when cross-cultural communication and understanding proves to be too difficult. In a series of dissonant moments beginning with a divided reaction to Mrs. Dasââ¬â¢s affair, Mrs. Das and Mr. Kapasiââ¬â¢s cultural disconnect culminates in the irredeemable loss of Mr. Kapasiââ¬â¢s address: ââ¬Å"The slip of paper with Mr. Kapasiââ¬â¢s address on it fluttered away in the wind. No one but Mr. Kapasi noticed. He watched as it rose, carried higher and higher by the breezeâ⬠(ââ¬Å"Interpreter of Maladiesâ⬠15). This slip of paper, created at the birth of their relationship, symbolizes Mrs. Das and Mr. Kapasiââ¬â¢s connection, as well as Mr. Kapasis network beyond his own Bengali culture. As it flies away forever, Mr. Kapasiââ¬â¢s lust for Mrs. Das and his hope to expand his cultural ties similarly becomes lost and irretrievable, as he knows he will instead return to his wife and original culture. Furthermore, the way in which the wind carries the paper away as Mr. Kapasi watches passively portrays cross-cultural miscommunication as the natural way of the world and as something one has no choice but to accept. In ââ¬Å"Sexyâ⬠, Lahiri once again notes the false and momentary nature of lust when she discusses what the word ââ¬Ësexyââ¬â¢ means to Miranda as opposed to a child who is a victim of infidelity. When Dev first calls Miranda sexy, she is blinded by lust and believes it is a sign of love, or at least real emotion. Yet after asking Rohin, the child a cheating father, what the word ââ¬Ësexyââ¬â¢ means, he explains that ââ¬Å"it means loving someone you donââ¬â¢t knowâ⬠(ââ¬Å"Sexyâ⬠13). Whereas Miranda believed Dev used the word ââ¬Ësexyââ¬â¢ because he loved her truest self, Rohin realizes that in fact he never truly knew her. Just like Mirandaââ¬â¢s infatuation with Bengali culture, Devââ¬â¢s love wasnââ¬â¢t from a place of understanding, and so their love, as well as their cross-cultural relationship, would always be too unfamiliar to last. Lahiri further enforces this point when Dev returns to his Bengali wife and Miranda finds new f riends in Manhattan, demonstrating their natural tendencies to find comfort in similar people. Finally, in ââ¬Å"Hell-Heavenâ⬠, Usha witnesses this trade of cross-cultural connections for comfort and oneââ¬â¢s cultural origins when Pranab Kaku, her Bengali family friend, leaves Deborah for a Bengali woman. Despite the seeming strength of his and Deborahââ¬â¢s relationship at the beginning of the story, as the plot develops their lust gives way to the inevitable desire to find people who share their backgrounds: ââ¬Å"After twenty-three years of marriage, Pranab Kaku and Deborah got divorced. It was he who had strayed, falling in love with a married Bengali womanâ⬠(ââ¬Å"Sexyâ⬠19). Lahiriââ¬â¢s neutral and unsurprised tone makes clear that the Pranab and Deborahââ¬â¢s relationship was hopeless from the start. Lahiriââ¬â¢s impartial acceptance of their fate only undermines the coupleââ¬â¢s history of lust and stability, demonstrating the little and temporary influence of lust, and the immense authority of cultural ties.
Monday, May 18, 2020
John Smith Essay - 857 Words
John Smith is one of the most famous people in American literature history. He was a dedicated man to his country of England, and wanted nothing more than to claim America in the name of the king. During his adventures to the new land he encountered many new things and people including a young Native American woman named Pocahontas. He also wrote many journals enticing people to want to come to America. This shall tell you the story of John Smith from his journeys as a young man all the way to when he finally came to America, and how his writings still influence people to immigrate to America still today. John Smith was born in Lincolnshire, England to a farmer and his wife in 1580. He only had a grammar school education, but with thisâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦With this policy, the survival rate grew to nearly ninety percent that year. He organized successful trading with the Native American Powhattan. Smith was however captured by him and only spared when Powhattanââ¬â¢s daughter Pocahontas pleaded for his life. This is where the story of Pocahontas comes from. Smith wrote a letter about this encounter to Queen Anne when he heard of her coming to England years later. He wanted to ensure that she would not be treated as someone that could not be trusted. He wanted to show her loyalty to him and to England. Smith was badly burned in 1606 from a gunpowder explosion and forced to return back to England. In 1614 he returned with an expedition to map the New England coastline. He would never return to Virginia again after this. He would from then on only promote colonizing the New England area. His efforts to promote colonizing were blocked by weather, pirates and lack of funding. He then resorted to writing about colonization. In his writing he elaborated about how wonderful it was in the new world. He would say that the fish practically jump into your boat when you go fishing and things such as that. He made the new world seem better than it really was so people would want to travel here and settle in it. His plan worked because year after year more and more people flocked to the New England hoping to colonize and not have to worry about running outShow MoreRelatedThe Legacy Of John Smith1043 Words à |à 5 PagesWhen the name John Smith is mentioned, people of all ages are familiar with it and could tell a lot about him. Why is this? How is it that a man who lived over 400 years ago still so popular today, more specifically to our children? The answer to that question is because John Smith can be viewed as one of Americaââ¬â¢s earliest heroes. His leadership was vital to the survival of the Jamestown colony. Most people are familiar with his famous quote, ââ¬Å"he that will not work shall not eat.â⬠He carried allRead MoreJohn Smith vs John Winthrop2051 Words à |à 9 PagesJessica Helin Paper 1 U.S. History 1 GEN223 John Smith vs. John Winthrop In the early years of America, there was a great deal of political and religious turmoil occurring in England. People wanted to escape to a place where they wouldnt be outlawed for their independent congregations and personal philosophies that they believed in. Eminent men, like John Smith and John Winthrop, saw America as a great opportunity to start over where they could establish new communities separatedRead MorePocahontas and John Smith805 Words à |à 4 PagesPocahontas and John Smith Pocahontas is set in 1607, just as a new age of exploration has begun. A group of British adventurers led by the greedy governor of the Virginia Company, John Ratcliffe, and including a fearless soldier named John Smith, have set sail for the New World aboard The Susan Constant, seeking gold and other treasures. Meanwhile, in Virginia, a beautiful young Native American woman named Pocahontas, the daughter of Chief Powhatan. The type of painting is made of oilRead MoreDisadvantages And Advants Of Captain John Smith Vs. Jamestown Vs717 Words à |à 3 Pagescolony wonââ¬â¢t abandon you and will embrace you as a family member. While on the other hand, if you are on Captain John Smiths Crew you will get to travel the sea and claim new territory, but if you get sick or injured you will be left for dead. Advantages and disadvantages we all have our own thirst for adventure and will make it hard to choose between the two colonies. Capt. John Smith and both Bradford were both the leader of their colonies (Jamestown Plymouth). They had both traveled from EnglandRead MoreJohn Smith Essays1440 Words à |à 6 PagesJohn Smith As an adventurous English boy, John Smith longed to see the world, but he probably never imagined that hed become famous for helping settle a new colony. John Smith belongs in History because he is the one who helped Jamestown get food and helped organize and run the colony. John Smith, English explorer and colonist, was an important leader and has changed America. John Smith was born on January 8, 1580 in a small town of Willoughby, Lincolnshire, England. A couple days after JohnsRead MoreThe Battle Of The Settlers By John Smith1474 Words à |à 6 PagesNewport gone, John Smith took matters into his own hands, doing what he believed was best for the colony. In a desperate effort to save the settlers, Smith made a courageous attempt to trade with the local Native Americans for food. On December 10, 1607, Smith and a small group of men sailed up the James River only to be attacked by a Native American tribe when they entered the forest. In the short, bloody battle, two Native American warriors were killed as well as the colonial explorers. Smith was capturedRead MoreJohn Smith : A True Hero996 Words à |à 4 PagesMany of us know John Smith as a fearless leader, a true hero, a man who was solely responsible for the success of Jamestown (the first English colony in the North America). Yes, John Smith was a courageous leader, but he wasnâ⬠â¢t perfect. Like most men of the 1600ââ¬â¢s John Smithââ¬â¢s attitude toward Native Americans was cruel and unkind. He treated most Native Americans as lesser beings, establishing himself as a superior figure over them. Multiple times John Smith displays his bias toward Native AmericansRead MoreClassical and Neoclassical Economists: Adam Smith and John Maynard Keynes1289 Words à |à 6 Pagesessay I will only refer to the classical economists and the neoclassical economists. The two most influential economists that helped to shape our economy with their thoughts and theories that are still used in modern economy are Adam Smith a classical economist and John Maynard Keynes a neoclassical economist. These two economists are the most famous economists of all times. Even though that its known that their thoughts are opposites to one and other they also share some similarities for example asRead MoreThe Legacy Of Captain John Smith s Life Essay1278 Words à |à 6 Pageson the exploits of Captain John Smithââ¬â¢s life, in this paper I will be covering several of his many achievements. In addition, I will be dispelling several of the popular myths in regards to his life that many modern day Americans believe in. Some of these more modern day myths or false narratives are due to his story being adapted and changed in order to make a childrenââ¬â¢s video by Disney, while others have been debated by historians ever since they were penned by Smith in one of his most famous worksRead MoreJohn Locke, Adam Smith, And Edmund Burke1922 Words à |à 8 PagesJessica Morales Posc005W February 4, 2016 Section 22 John Locke, Adam Smith, and Edmund Burke have several values that are illustrated by todayââ¬â¢s society. One of these values would be conservatism. It is true that we have changed todayââ¬â¢s society, however; have we quickly changed these values or have we slowly taken our time to introduce them? Property is another value that illustrates todayââ¬â¢s society. We need a state in order to own property. There is no other form of regulation that will tell
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Social Networking Sites Are Not Bad - 1270 Words
Son Nhut Quang Professor Needham ENGL 1010 20 July 2015 Social Networking Nowadays, with the evolution of internet, social networking sites such as Facebook, Twitter, MySpace, and many sites else have become an indispensable part of life for many people. Access to social networks is the first thing that almost people do when they turn on their computer or phone; have you ever wondered why are social networking sites attractive to us? Many people argue that social networking such as Facebook can harm us; however, most of them use Facebook or other social networking sites every day, and some of them post things that will make you wonder why they post it. Social networking site are not bad, just the ways you use them make they become bad. Social networking sites have many benefits, and we can divide the benefits of social networking in four types: information, studying, communication and economy. It is obivious that we know more information when we use social networking site, and it has changed our way to receive information. Social network ing sites are fastest in spreading information because many people use it. According to Kristin Marino, ââ¬Å"recent research confirms that we are living in the digital information age. From Alaska to Florida, nearly half of all Americans get some form of local news on a mobile device, and 46 percent of people get their news online at least three times a week,â⬠so ââ¬Å"social networking sites are a top news source for 27.8% of Americans, rankingShow MoreRelatedSocial Networking Sites Are Good Or Bad For Society2449 Words à |à 10 PagesSocial media is a term that does not need to be defined, everyone knows what social media is. Even people in the most distant of places have heard, or even use, social networking sites. People today use social networking sites on a regular basis. Todayââ¬â¢s society uses sites like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram as a way to stay in touch with current events, family members, and with their friends. According to the Pew Research Center, ââ¬Å"seventy-six percent of [todayââ¬â¢s society] uses social networkingRead MoreSocial Networking Sites: Bad For Our Society? Essay1157 Words à |à 5 Pagesyears something has taken a toll in most peopleââ¬â¢s lives, we use it, love it, talk about it, and check it almost every hour of every day: this thing is called social networks. It was only a few years back, in 2003, when MySpace was discovered, and in 2004 when Mark Zuckerberg established Facebook, and soon after in 2006 Twitter followed. These sites became more than just an online destination, but a way of life. Notifications, follower counts, friend requests, photo comments- all what might seem likeRead MoreSocial Networking Sites Are Good Or Bad For Our Society1500 Words à |à 6 PagesSocial Aspect Online social networking sites have become increasingly popular over the past few years. The usage of Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Snapchat, and LinkedIn has more than multiplied from 2005 to 2015. Having access to these social media sites allows the users to create profiles, share their interests, communicate with family, friends, and strangers, share thoughts, photos, videos, and much more. There is a huge question if these different social networking sites are good or bad for ourRead MoreSocial Media And Its Effect On Society1033 Words à |à 5 PagesAre you concerned about the use of social media? Although the use of social media may concern only the slightest percent of people, it is still a very important privilege that many people around the world donââ¬â¢t have access to. Social media is important because in spite of the fact that there are many safety concerns, the use of social media is of great significance because it enables people to be able to connect with anyone they want whenever they want. Anyone can see why this might be a problemRead MoreSocial Media And Its Impact On Society1024 Words à |à 5 Pagesuse of social media may concern only the slightest percent of people, it is still a very important privilege that many people around the world donââ¬â¢t have access to. Social media is important because in spite of the fact that there are many safety concerns, the use of social media is of great significance because it enables people to be able to connect with anyone they want whenever they want. Anyone can see why this might be a problem, but there are more things that are good about social media thanRead MoreSocial Networking Good or Bad?964 Words à |à 4 PagesSwellander English 1023 5 February 2012 Social Networking: Good or bad? In a recent poll of 1,200 registered voters on Poll Position regarding their view on social media, 53% voted harmful. (McNamara 1) Todayââ¬â¢s world has incredibly evolved around technology, especially with the emergence of social networking. Through the sudden rise in social networking, the question that has been called recently in concern is whether social media/networking is bad or good? The Bad: the increase in online predatorsRead MorePersuasive Essay on Social Networking: Con1115 Words à |à 5 PagesPERSUASIVE ESSAY ON SOCIAL NETWORKING: CON In todayââ¬â¢s society, billions of people across the world are accessing the internet multiple times a day. Why wouldnââ¬â¢t they? Many people have the internet on their smart phones, and at the touch of a button can check their email, their Facebook, their bank account balance, movie times, you name it. One of these things, however, usually consumes more of the userââ¬â¢s time than the others. Yes, you guessed it: Facebook. Any social networking site or applicationRead MoreSocial Networking1161 Words à |à 5 PagesSocial Networking Online social networking is when people connect with other people online through certain websites. I believe the most common websites today include Facebook, Twitter and Myspace. What people do is create their own profile account, and post information, photos, videos, and comments. Those things then get reserved on a news-feed for your whole fan base to see. I believe that the good of social networking far outweighs the bad. It seems to me that if you have internet and knowRead MoreImpact Of Social Networking On Students917 Words à |à 4 PagesNew kinds of entertainment and social media. Access to information and the ability to give a voice people who would never have been heardâ⬠(Bill Gates). Technology has progressed throughout the years, and has created many opportunities for student, business and adults to succeed. Almost everyone in the world has access to the Internet or soon will have access to the Internet. This topic is important because many have the image/ belie ve that social network is bad, for kids, students and grown upsRead MoreEssay about The Role of Social Media in American Society 1127 Words à |à 5 PagesWhen analyzing the role of social media in American society, several questions come to mind. What is social media and are these social media and networking sites helpful to the people of America; can these sites be used to enhance or do they intrude in the relationships people have with others, and can they be integrated into their daily lives successfully. As the world becomes more and more technology friendly, the internet has transformed into a place that nearly everyone can go to get away. With
The Confidentiality vs. Duty to Warn Conundrum free essay sample
The Confidentiality vs. Duty to Warn Conundrum This report will examine the ethical conundrum of patient confidentiality vs. a doctorââ¬â¢s duty to warn a patient of a potential health risk (see Appendix one for scenario). Primarily, this report will argue that patient confidentiality cannot be overruled, as there is not adequate legal or ethical reasoning to do so and as such, Janeââ¬â¢s doctor should not inform her children of their potential mutated gene. A gene can be defined as ââ¬ËA sequence of DNA that carries the information required to make a molecule, usually a proteinââ¬â¢ (Yourgenome. org: 2010). Deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, is made up of genes and is contained in the nucleus of cells in the human body and its purpose, simply put, is to instruct the body on how and when various proteins should be constructed (Geneticshomereference. gov: 2011). These instructions are constructed, and subsequently differ from organism to organism, by the pairing and subsequent alignment of four bases; adenine thymine, guanine and cytosine. This alignment is known as a double helix (See Appendix 2 for image). Proteins, which are made up of amino acids, are an essential part of all living organisms and are necessary for growth and muscle development (Google Dictionary: 2010). In humans, when a male sperm cell and a female egg cell combine to produce a zygote, specific genes from the two parents are combined. The genes that are selected for this new child are based on their dominant or recessive qualities. Genetic mutation is defined by Wordnetweb. princeton (2010) as being ââ¬ËAny alteration in the inherited nucleic acid sequence of the genotype of an organismââ¬â¢. This mutation can occur for a variety of reasons; exposure to radiation, environmental factors (including ultra-violet light) or genetic construction errors. Male sperm cells contain either an XY or XX pattern on their chromosome; an XY pattern eventuates in the creation of a male, while an XX pattern eventuates in a female. Females only receive X chromosomes and as such, they always contribute X chromosomes to a child, whereas a male can contribute either an X or a Y chromosome to the child, as he received both. In this scenario, Jane received a mutated BRCA1 gene from her father, as well as a normal BRCA1 gene from her mother. Subsequently, Jane had two children; a boy and a girl, with a husband who is not a carrier of the mutation. Janeââ¬â¢s childrenââ¬â¢s pattern of genealogical inheritance in relation to the BRCA1 gene is demonstrated in the table below: (Blue squares represent egg cells contributed by Jane, while red squares represent sperm cells contributed by Janeââ¬â¢s husband. | N (representing a normal BRCA1 gene)| N (representing a normal BRCA1 gene)| M (representing a mutated BRCA1 gene)| MNThis would result in a child carrying the mutation. | NMThis would result in a child carrying the mutation. | N(representing a normal BRCA1 gene)| NNThis would result in a normal BRCA1 gene being inherited. | NNThis would result in a normal BRCA1 gene being inherited. | The above table illustrates that there is only a 50% chance of either child inheriting a mutated BRCA1 gene. This means that there is no guarantee that Janeââ¬â¢s children will have contracted the gene. However, the BRCA1 gene is a gene which, after mutation, is linked with increased likelihood of contracting breast cancer. The BRCA1 gene belongs to a class of genes known as tumour suppressors. Hence, when the gene is mutated, and can no longer do the job it was intended for and the patient becomes far more prone to contracting cancer. According to Cancer. gov, a patient who has a mutated BRCA1 gene is up to 10 times more likely to contract breast cancer, and a utation of the BRCA1 gene is related to 10% of all breast cancer cases in Australia. However, importantly, having a mutated gene does not, in itself, guarantee the growth of a cancer (Geneticshomereference. gov: 2011). The most common form of testing for a mutated BRCA1 gene commences when a blood sample is taken, and the patientââ¬â¢s BRCA1 gene base code is examined. If there are any serious imperfections in the gene code, th en it is highly likely that a mutation has occurred to the BRCA1 gene, and the patient is informed as such (Healthwise: 2011). However, this highly invasive test can cause extreme anxiety and, if every medical practitioner notified relatives if cancer patients so that genetic testing could be conducted, many of the relatives of these cancer patients would suffer further anxiety, while additional financial strain would be placed on the already limited resources available. Genetically, a mutation of any of the tumour suppressing genes, but particularly the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, will cause a heightening of the chances of contacting breast cancer. Environmental and lifestyle factors that may promote the growth of breast cancer include exposure to electro-magnetic or nuclear radiation, obesity, childbearing, hormone replacement therapy, and obsessive alcohol consumption (PHG Foundation: 2010). Treatment of breast cancer usually entails the utilisation of a number of options, including chemotherapy, surgery, radiation therapy, and anti-hormonal therapy (Caring4Cancer: 2011). However, while all of these treatments are extremely invasive, they have been proven to be effective for the vast majority of patients and for most patients, there is no alternative. After treatment, additional screening is conducted every six months, so as to check that the cancer has completely subsided. Much debate exists as to whether breast cancer is a Mendelian or a complex disorder. However, there is more than one type of breast cancer; the most common being infiltrating ductal carcinoma. Although some strains of this disease are definitely related to a single gene, other strains, including infiltrating ductal carcinoma, have not been found to be linked to any one gene but rather a combination of environmental factors and a number of genes (Caring4Cancer: 2011). As such, having a mutated BRCA1 gene does not guarantee that a cancer will develop, as a number of other key factors would also have to be present. The relationship that is entered into between a doctor and a patient is, as the Hippocratic Oath suggests, a completely confidential and private one; ââ¬Å"Whatever in connection with my professional practiceâ⬠¦ I will not divulgeâ⬠(Various authors: 1995 adaptation). The Information Privacy Act of 2009 states that ââ¬Å"The use and disclosure of genetic information is only legitimised when: ââ¬Å"The health service provider reasonably believes that there is a serious threat to the life, health or safety of a genetic relative of the patientâ⬠* ââ¬Å"The use or disclosure to the genetic relative is necessary to lessen or prevent that threatâ⬠(The Queensland Government: 2011) The law clearly stipulates that if the lives of genetic relatives of the patient, such as children, are seriously endangered, a patientââ¬â ¢s confidentiality can be broken in the stead of preventing serious harm. However, in this scenario, there is no confirmed ââ¬Ëserious threat to lifeââ¬â¢ and as such, if Janeââ¬â¢s doctor was to inform her children of her mutated gene, then his actions could be deemed as being an infringement of Janeââ¬â¢s ethical and legal right to confidentiality. Genetic information is, like all other medical information, a strictly confidential matter, and in this scenario it is important to remember that a child only has a 50% chance of having an identical gene as that of the mother. As there is no confirmed, and therefore arguably no serious, threat presented, it would likely be deemed illegal for Janeââ¬â¢s doctor to breech confidentiality. Wordnetweb. princeton (2010) defines confidentiality as ââ¬Å"The level of official classification for documentsâ⬠¦ available only to persons authorised to see documents so classifiedâ⬠. In the scenario in question, the only people authorised to observe documents relating to Janeââ¬â¢s genes are her doctor, and any doctors that Janeââ¬â¢s doctor wishes to discuss the matter with; in a strictly professional sense. According to pinoydocs. om, the duty to warn is ââ¬Å"An ethical obligation to tell people of a dangerâ⬠. In this scenario, the people who are in need of warning are Janeââ¬â¢s children, as the danger is that they may also have a mutated BRCA1 gene, which would significantly increase their chances of contracting a life threatening disease. There are a number of reasons that Jane may have for not wishing to inform her children of her mutated BRCA1 gene, such as a desire for privacy. However, it is vitally important to realise that there is no way of fully comprehending Janeââ¬â¢s reasoning. For example her children may have been adopted or IVF, and she may wish for this to remain private; a privacy which would be compromised if they were to be tested for the gene. Primarily, it is important to note that Janeââ¬â¢s reasons are just that; her own, and as an adult, she is believed to be able to make responsible decisions about her own personal information, and her decision to not inform her children must be respected and complied with by her doctor. If Jane does inform her children, there may be a number of severe negative effects. Her children may suffer undue anxiety; having the gene does not, in itself, guarantee the growth of a cancer. Alternatively, neither child may even have the gene at all. Additionally, relationships often govern ethics, and if Janeââ¬â¢s children were to be informed, then the mother/child relationship may then suffer undue negative feelings, or a lack of trust. If Janeââ¬â¢s children were to be informed, then potential harm may be avoided. However, if the children were to have a mutated BRCA1 gene, a hypothetical situation in itself, then nothing may result; there is only a heightened chance of cancer growth, rather than any guarantee. As such, Janeââ¬â¢s decision may be a wise one; why should she place her family in turmoil if there is only a chance that any harm will actually materialise? The duty to warn can only override the right to confidentiality if there is a serious, and therefore confirmed, threat to life. Even if Janeââ¬â¢s children actually have the gene, there is no evidence of any imminent threat posed by Janeââ¬â¢s actions. Breeching confidentiality may lead to Jane, and eventually the general public, losing trust in the medical practice, which could result in serious further problems including refusal to present and refusal of treatment. Even though Janeââ¬â¢s children may appreciate receiving the information in the short term, it is likely that they and in turn the general public would begin to question the value of patient confidentiality. Furthermore, as the mutation is linked to around 10% of all breast cancers, should the doctors of all of these patients, potentially tens of thousands of people, break confidentiality? This could lead to a slippery-slope effect, wherein eventually, confidentially is no longer valued or upheld; an immeasurable catastrophe for the health care system. In conclusion, this report has found that there is not sufficient reasoning for Janeââ¬â¢s doctor to break patient confidentiality. To do so may cause serious harm to Jane and her family, which may culminate in a complete family breakdown. As well, harsh consequences for her doctor may ensue, as he would likely be deemed to be breaking the law by unjustifiably compromising a patientââ¬â¢s right to confidentiality.
Wednesday, April 15, 2020
Cool Essay Topics About Disney Before 1989
Cool Essay Topics About Disney Before 1989'Cool Essay Topics About Disney Before 1989' has been one of the most asked questions I've heard all semester. And it has been on such a long-running topic now that I almost lost count and the question still pops up occasionally in conversation. So I figured it's about time to sum up my thoughts on this topic and bring a more holistic approach to answering the question.The reason I included the essay topic is that I feel it is important to compare the look and feel of the older and newer versions of the Disney films and how the newer ones are much more professional and far less cartoonish. The best way to approach this is to take the entire Disney series as a whole and just break them down into their core themes and note how the look of the characters change and the kind of stories they are telling.The Look - A lot of the older Disney features like Fantasia, The Little Mermaid, and Aladdin were considered camp and out dated by today's standar ds but the animation quality has definitely improved over the years. For instance, Fantasia is being compared to more modern day art forms in terms of the two dimensional film. You would never see the characters moving around like they do in the films from Bambi or even Zootopia.In terms of how the characters in the classic animated films are represented in the new feature films they're not represented much different than their early counterparts. Especially, in the younger versions of the characters you see more designs that relate to the works of famous illustrators and comic book artists who are usually employed as the illustrators for the more modern and well known Disney films. Also, remember the animated Disney films were developed to look more realistic with all the different styles of animation at the time and much more like live action movies.The Actual Presentation - There are several differences in the storytelling style of the two versions. I think the overall tone and p ace of the movies do differ from the animation style but I can't say there's an actual transformation in terms of the actual story told.Characters - Walt Disney did a lot of research before he ever created his first animated feature film, which is why you see some characters from his earlier works that he later uses throughout the movies. I know many people like to criticize certain Pixar films as less original as they come from a much more restricted resource but the look and feel of the characters in the Pixar films are so realistic it's hard to believe they are all made by the same person.Animation Style - I don't know if you know this but Disney did a whole lot of research on how to make an animated film and have animated the same film over seventy times. You can see this with the storyboarding and post production that is done during the post production of all of their films. Disney has been doing this for so long, that they probably wouldn't need another post production studio if they didn't already have one.The Funniest 'Cool Essay Topics About Disney Before 1989' should be about comparing how these Disney animated features look and feel in today's world. Remember the films were made to look and feel more modern day but they still retain much of the authenticity of a feature film. In fact the film people on the set of the Disneyland versions are not exactly what you would call Hollywood actors because Disney only hires well known people to film their movies.
Tuesday, April 7, 2020
Questions About How to Write a Speech
Questions About How to Write a SpeechIf you are asked to write a speech for an important occasion, you should always ask the speaker for his or her permission. If you are presenting your own speech, be sure to be completely honest and articulate it to the best of your ability. You might find it easier to find answers to some of the questions that you have about how to write a speech from a speaker rather than from a public speaking textbook. It is also easier to find answers to questions such as this when you are out on the street with some friends.One of the best things that you can do for your speech is to make sure that you smile when you speak. A confident smile is a beautiful smile that will give others the impression that you are confident, and that you will be a fun and engaging speaker. As your audience gets to know you, they will notice that you have an infectious smile. You should use your whole body to try to make a smile that is especially expressive.When you are writing your speech, it is also important to have an accurate outline. The outline should be written as a guide for how to develop the speech. Some writing assistance can be helpful in helping you develop an outline, so take some time to try to develop an outline for your speech.It is also important to pay careful attention to the body language of your audience. The speaker might look a little excited, and they might even look as if they are nervous. The audience will also look a little tense, but not at all scared.Speeches should always be well-delivered. Too many speeches that lack detail are not only boring, but they can cause embarrassment to the speaker. It is never too late to develop a well-written speech. The more experienced speakers will have the talent and the ability to deliver a speech with a great, professional delivery.While the audience might not be expecting you to make an impromptu speech, it is nice to come prepared to give a speech. You should take some time to look up s ome samples of speeches that are well-received. These are useful references to help you deliver a speech that you will enjoy.When you are looking for a speech that is well-written, it is a good idea to bring along some books that you are comfortable reading aloud. While reading some books is comforting, others will help you develop an outline for your speech. You will need to keep up to date with some of the latest political and legal issues of the day so that you will be as prepared as possible. A good speech will help you in your career, and can also be a great gift for a special friend or relative.
Friday, March 13, 2020
Effective Strategies for I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings Essay Topics You Can Use Starting Immediately
Effective Strategies for I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings Essay Topics You Can Use Starting Immediately The Appeal of I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings Essay Topics Furthermore, the caged bird chooses to sing because this is the sole freedom readily available to him, he can enjoy with no restriction. Although the shared victory conveys a feeling of optimism and feels symbolic, it by no means indicates a stop to the racial prejudice of the area and of the moment. The problem of racial discrimination was abolished. At an extremely young age, Maya met the consequences of racism and segregation in the usa. The analysis of a number of the leading poetic devices utilized within this poem is given here. To begin writing your assignment you would want to run into an interesting and promising topic. The author, the protagonist, is quite an intriguing character that I'm likely to present you. You ought to be proficient in the topic, have an overall idea about the chosen issue and can ge t the best arguments to show your thesis. Dolores and Maya don't get along. Mrs. Flowers is the very first adult to take care of Maya as more than only a child. Mrs. Flowers figures out that to be able to acquire Maya to talk again, she must make Maya urge to speak again. Mrs Bertha Flowers played a crucial role in her life. It permits them to get from 1 point to the other. Her advice isn't always words and lectures, sometimes it's through actions. Although someone can have each of the guidance on the planet, it will always be your responsibility to take it. She yearns of getting an actual explanation of what's to be black. Vital Pieces of I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings Essay Topics Alliteration It's the close repetition of consonant sounds, usually at the start of words. There are a collection of rather strong words that make a sense of depression, and claustrophobia. Besides the caged and completely free birds, there are different metaphors utilized in the poem. I t has a very traditional structure. The New Angle On I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings Essay Topics Just Released Still, every one of them would show up in the overall list. It took plenty of time and aid from others. When someone is abandoned, they learn about the tough roads of life. Offended, Maya breaks some china so as to get fired. Where to Find I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings Essay Topics Now I have read this book I'll have a better respect and a newer understanding for those that have hard lives and be thankful for the effortless life I've been living. This would provide young adults more confidence to go for things they think that they wouldn't be in a position to realize. Biblical Exhortation On the opposite side of Jordan, there's a peace for the weary, there's a peace for me. Maya uses her new feelings of independence to satisfy her need to understand about sex. The Basics of I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings Essay Topics You Will be Able to Benefit From Starting T oday And so, I can find out exactly what's happening in their private life, not judge them, but help them instead. She says frequently in this section that she'd prefer staying with Momma as opposed to visiting the city. The line is on the rear of the wind. You could enjoy it for the remainder of your life. Maya's writing is straightforward and she's very honest. She owns the shop in the center of the black portion of Stamps. We've got many tips for celebrating banned books. During these previous ages in Stamps. Maya Angelou's racially centered poetry has a rather strong tone. It's admirable to think that with all these negatives in ones life Angelou managed to turn into such a prosperous individual. By ensuring that Angelou was clean, her momma meant to inculcate a sense of worthiness. Maya Angelou is a rather triumphant woman. What the In-Crowd Won't Tell You About I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings Essay Topics In addition, it is quite an easy topic to comprehend and teachers may use this as a lesson in contrast to the morals which might be more difficult to comprehend. The lesson being, that it is far better to let others be mean and have their fun at the same time you act good, as it will turn in your favour in the long run. They've thought about themes like race and racism, gender and sexuality, and the function of family and teachers in somebody's development. For this undertaking, students may either do the job alone or in little groups. This also leads to her choice to quit talking, rather than having to keep on lying about the rape. There's always a reason for why an individual acts in the manner they do. She had to handle the rape and having everyone know about doing it. Mayas rape was a rather difficult situation to overcome.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)