CRIMINAL JUSTICE 1 question drugs Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

CRIMINAL JUSTICE 1 inquiry drugs - Coursework Example In truth, Colombian medication associations and Mexican medication associations have generally taken various jobs in the medication dealing chain. In the article by Lyman (2011), the relationship began with Mexican medication associations going about as substitutes and accomplices of their Colombian partner sedate associations †exploiting the fringes among Mexico and the United States to sneak in cocaine from Colombia (page 136). Notwithstanding, towards the finish of the 1980s the Mexicans were not, at this point happy with being minor courses and needed an offer both of the medication plunder and the U.S. markets. Lyman clarified the result of this: Inevitably, this course of action with the Colombians not just brought about splitting the cocaine shipments into halves yet in separating a great part of the U.S. markets down the center. As the course of action developed after some time, the Colombians held the discount showcase in the eastern United States as their own, and Mexican medication cartels assumed control over the discount advertise in the Midwestern and Western states. As per Bagley (1988), the extended job of the Mexicans in the medication exchange had made, in his words, â€Å"an uncommon rush of medication related viciousness in Mexico that truly undermined the country’s youngster procedure of democratization. (page 71)†. Furthermore, this starts to address the inquiry with respect to whether these medication cartels are as a very remarkable danger to the United States as conventional fear monger associations. Truth be told, it might even be contended that sedate cartels are considerably to a greater extent a danger to the United States than the fear monger organizes that individuals have come to connect with Islamic fundamentalist gatherings and so forth. For a certain something, the size of viciousness fashioned by tranquilize association can maybe equal that of conventional fear monger associations. Colombia’s head guerrilla association, the Fuerzas Armadas Revolucion de

Greek Influence on English Language

Backhanded and direct borrowings Since the living Greek and English dialects were not in direct contact until present day times, borrowings were fundamentally roundabout, coming either through Latin (through writings or different vernaculars), or from Ancient Greek writings, not the living language. Some Greek words were obtained into Latin and its relatives, the Romance dialects. English regularly got these words from French. Their phonetic and orthographic structure has some of the time changed considerably.For instance,â placeâ was acquired both by Old English and by French from Latinâ platea, itself obtained from Greek ( ) ‘broad (road)'; the Italianâ piazzaâ and Spanishâ plazaâ have a similar source, and have been obtained into English in equal. The wordâ oliveâ comes through the Romance from the Latin wordâ oliva, which thus originates from the Greek (elaiwa). [1][2] A later Greek word,â (bouturon)[3]â becomes Latinâ butyrumâ and in the end En glishâ butter. An enormous gathering of early borrowings, again transmitted first through Latin, at that point through different vernaculars, originates from Christian vocabulary:â bishopâ < episkoposâ ‘overseer'),â priestâ < (presbyterosâ ‘elder'), andâ churchâ <â ? (kyriakon). [4] In a few cases, the orthography of these words was later changed to mirror the Greek spelling:â e. g. quireâ was respelled asâ choirâ in the seventeenth century. A lot more words were obtained by researchers writing in post-traditional Latin. A few words were obtained in basically their unique significance, regularly transmitted through old style Latin:â physics,iambic,â eta,â necromancy. A couple of result from scribal errors:â encyclopediaâ < ‘the hover of learning', not a compound in Greek;â acneâ (skin condition) < wrong lt; ‘high point, top'. Others were obtained unaltered as specialized terms, however with explicit, n ovel meanings:â telescopeâ < ‘far-seeing' alludes to anâ optical instrument for seeing far away;â phlogistonâ < ‘burnt thing' is a supposedâ fire-production potential. Be that as it may, by a wide margin the biggest Greek commitment to English jargon is the tremendous number of logical, clinical, and technicalâ neologismsâ that have been instituted byâ compounding Greek roots and affixesto produce novel words which never existed in the Greek language:â utopiaâ (1516, ‘not' + ‘place'),â zoologyâ (1669, ), hydrodynamicsâ (1738, + ), photography(1834, + ), oocyteâ (1895, + ), helicobacterâ (1989, + ). Such terms are instituted in all the European dialects, and spread to the others freelyâ€including to Modern Greek. Customarily, these coinages were developed utilizing just Greek morphemes,â e. g. metamathematics, however progressively, Greek, Latin, and different morphemes are joined, as intelevision (Greek †+ Lati n vision), metalinguistic (Greek + Latinâ linguaâ + Greek - + Greek - ), and garbology (English garbage + Greek - . Theseâ hybrid wordsâ were once in the past viewed as ‘barbarisms'. Numerous Greek appends such asâ anti- andâ -icâ have becomeâ productiveâ in English, consolidating with discretionary English words: antichoice, Fascistic. Most learned borrowings and coinages follow the old style Latin Romanization framework, where ‘c' speaks to ? and so forth , with a couple exceptions:â eurekaâ (cf. heuristic),â kineticâ (cf. cinematography),kryptonâ (cf. enigmatic). Some Greek words were acquired through Arabic and afterward Romance:â alchemyâ ( or ), elixirâ ( ), alembicâ ( ), botargoâ ( , and possiblyâ quintalâ ( < Latincentenarium (pondus)). Curiously,â chemistâ appears to be aâ back-formationâ fromâ alchemist. In the nineteenth and twentieth hundreds of years a couple of scholarly words and expressions were presented utilizing a pretty much direct transliteration of Ancient Greek (as opposed to the conventional Latin-based morphology and dropped inflectional endings),â e. g. nousâ ( ), hoi polloiâ ( ). Some Greek words have given ascent toâ etymological doublets, being obtained both through a natural, roundabout course, and an educated, direct course into English:â anthemâ andâ antiphonâ ( ,franticâ andâ freneticâ ( ), butterâ andâ butyr(ic)â ( ), bishopâ andâ episcop(al)â ( ), balmâ andâ balsamâ ( , likely itself an acquiring from Semitic),â blameâ andâ blasphemy( ), boxâ andâ pyx(is)â ( ), choirâ andâ chorusâ ( ), trivetâ andâ tripodâ (/ - ), slanderâ andâ scandalâ ( ), oil,â olive,â oleum, andâ elaeo- ( ); almondâ andâ amygdala( ); dramâ andâ drachmaâ ( ); paperâ andâ papyrusâ ( ); caratâ andâ keratinâ ( , - ). [5][6] Finally, with the development of the travel industry, a few words reflecting present day Greek ulture have been obtained into Englishâ€many of them initially borrowings into Greek themselves:â retsina,â souvlaki,tavernaâ (< Italian),â ouzoâ (disputed etymology),â moussakaâ (< Turkish < Arabic),â baklavaâ (< Turkish),â fetaâ (< Italian),â bouzoukiâ (< Turkish),â gyroâ (the food, a calque of Turkishâ doner). â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€- [edit]Greek as a delegate Many words from the Hebrew Bibleâ were transmitted toward the western dialects through the Greek of the Septuagint, frequently without morphological regularization:â pharaohâ ( ), seraphim( , , paradiseâ ( < Hebrew < Persian),â rabbiâ ( ). â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€- [edit]The composed type of Greek words in English Many Greek words, particularly those obtained through the abstract custom, are unmistakable as such from th eir spelling. As of now in Latin, there were explicit shows for acquiring Greek. So Greekâ ? was composed as ‘y',â as ‘? ‘,â as ‘? ‘,â ? as ‘ph', andâ ? as ‘c'. These shows (which initially reflected articulation) have persisted into English and different dialects with verifiable orthography (like French).They make it conceivable to perceive expressions of Greek cause, and give implies concerning their elocution and enunciation. Then again, the spelling of certain words was refashioned to mirror their etymology: Middle Englishâ caracterâ becameâ characterâ in the sixteenth century. [7] The Ancient Greek diphthongsâ andâ might be spelled in three distinct manners in English: the digraphsâ aeâ andâ oe; the ligaturesâ ? andâ ? ; or the straightforward letterâ e. Both the digraphs and ligatures are remarkable in American utilization, yet the digraphs stay normal in British use. Models are: reference book/encyclop? ia/refer ence book, hemoglobin/h? moglobin/hemoglobin, oedema/? dema/edema, Oedipus/? dipus/Edipus (uncommon). The verbal endingâ -is spelledâ -izeâ in American English andâ -iseâ orâ -izeâ in British English. Now and again, a word's spelling unmistakably shows its Greek beginning. On the off chance that it includesâ phâ or includesâ yâ between consonants, it is likely Greek. In the event that it includesâ rrh,â phth, orâ chth; or begins withâ hy-, ps-, pn-, orâ chr-; or the rarerâ pt-, ct-, chth-, rh-, x-, sth-, mn-, tm-, gn- orâ bd-, then it is Greek, with some exceptions: gnat, gnaw, gneiss.One exemption isâ ptarmigan, which is from a Gaelic word, theâ phaving been included byâ false historical underpinnings. The wordâ trophy, however eventually of Greek starting point, didn't have aâ ? in any case, aâ ? in its Greek structure, . â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€- [edit]Pronunciation In groups such asâ ps-, pn-, orâ gn- which are not permitted by English phonotactics, the standard English elocution drops the main consonant (e. g. brain science) toward the beginning of a word; comparegnosticâ [n? st? k] andâ agnosticâ [? gn? st? k]; there are a couple exceptions:â tmesisâ [tmi? s? s].Initial x- is pronouncedâ z. Châ is articulated likeâ kâ rather than as in â€Å"church†:â e. g. character, disorder. Continuous vowels are regularly articulated independently as opposed to framing a solitary vowel sound or one of them getting quiet (e. g. â€Å"theatre†Ã¢ vs. â€Å"feat†). â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€- [edit]Inflectional endings and plurals Though numerous English words got from Greek through the scholarly course drop the inflectional endings (tripod,â zoology,â pentagon) or utilize Latin endings (papyrus,â mausoleum), some protect the Greek endings:â tetrahedron,â schem aâ (cf. cheme),â topos,â lexicon,â climax. On account of Greek endings, the plurals now and again follow the Greek rules:â phenomenon, phenomena;â tetrahedron, tetrahedra;â crisis, crises;â hypothesis, hypotheses;â stigma, stigmata;â topos, topoi;â cyclops, cyclopes; yet regularly do not:â colon, colonsâ notâ *colaâ (except for theâ very uncommon specialized term of rhetoric);pentathlon, pentathlonsâ notâ *pentathla;â demon, demonsâ notâ *demones;â climaxes, not *climaces.Usage is blended in some cases:â schema, schemasâ orâ schemata;â lexicon, lexiconsâ orâ lexica;â helix, helixesâ orâ helices;â sphinx, sphingesâ orâ sphinxes;â clitoris, clitorisesâ orâ clitorides. What's more, there are deceiving cases:â pentagonâ comes from Greekâ pentagonon, so its plural can't beâ *pentaga; it ispentagons (Greek /pentagona). (cf. Plurals from

Law for International Trade free essay sample

Since no terms in the agreement or encompassing records unequivocally expressed which administering law would be utilized it will be chosen by the goal test. The most genuine and generous association depends on factors remembering the nation for which most of the commitments under the agreement are performed, e. g. produce, bundling, conveyance; where the agreement was shaped, and what the cash of installment is. For this situation the assembling and pressing is led in Australia, and the installment is in dollars and not yen, which would show the administering law is that of Australia. Under Australian law the rights and commitments of the gatherings depend on the agreement, the Convention on International Contracts available to be purchased of Goods (CISG), and on the grounds that Punked Jeans is situated in Melbourne, the Goods Act 1958 (Vic) likewise applies. The CISG is a global deals code which endeavors to adjust the interests of the purchasers and merchants. We will compose a custom exposition test on Law for International Trade or then again any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Nations can decide to turn into a signatory to the show, which at that point goes about as a net to hold terms not explicitly secured by the agreement. Both Australia and Japan are signatories to the CISG thus under CISG Article 1(1)(a) the CISG will apply to the agreement. Anyway there are special cases where regardless of whether the two gatherings have marked the CISG it still won’t apply. These avoidances are contained in CISG Article 2. For this situation the special cases aren’t material, and the gatherings haven’t expressly avoided it (CISG Article 6), so the provisions of the CISG will be upheld. Under CISG Articles 14-24 it very well may be demonstrated that SurfLife and Punked Jeans went into a legitimately restricting agreement. This agreement contains the express terms, which is this case incorporate the expense of the merchandise, the consideration of CPT Incoterms 2010, the port of conveyance (Osaka), the request sum and type, the due date, and the purchaser and dealer. The suggested terms of this agreement incorporate the CISG arrangements and the Goods Act (Vic) arrangements. The CPT Incoterms which were set out as express terms in the agreement detail the commitments encompassing the conveyance and transportation of the products that the purchaser and merchant have. Issue 1 †Lateness of Delivery: The primary issue to be talked about is that of the late conveyance, with the merchandise requested to be conveyed no later than the first of April, and showing up in Osaka on the seventeenth of April. On the off chance that the products were seen as conveyed late it would be viewed as a break of CISG Article 33. The time at which merchandise are viewed as conveyed is dictated by the CPT (Carriage Paid To) Incoterms. Under these Incoterms conveyance is viewed as complete when the vender conveys the merchandise to the principal transporter at the named spot of shipment. As the merchandise were stacked onto the transporter on March 30th, conveyance (which just required the products to be emptied at the spot of shipment), was done before April first, in this manner Punked pants isn't in break of CISG Article 33. Issue 2 †Moldy and Stained Jeans: The second issue for this situation is that the conveyed pants were ruined and mildew covered. At first sight the pertinent laws are CISG Article 35, which indicates the seller’s commitments in giving adjusting merchandise, and CISG Article 36, which determines the seller’s obligation for non congruity and the time hazard passes, or happens later because of a penetrate of commitments. Prior it was demonstrated that Punked Jeans delivered the pants, and accordingly moved the hazard to SurfLife, at the purpose of conveyance to the bearer, Feilong Transportation Company (Feilong). This implies Punked Jeans has not penetrated Article 35 and 36 in light of the fact that the harm was caused after the products had been conveyed. Along these lines Punked Jeans has no commitments to give solutions for the mildew covered and recolored pants and it would be up to SurfLife to make a case against the transporter. Issue 3 †Incorrect Number of Jeans: The last issue between Punked Jeans and SurfLife is the off base number of pants conveyed. Punked pants conveyed just 14,000 of pants complete, including 2,000 XXL size, which is twofold the sum that was arranged. At first sight and off base number of pants penetrates CISG article 35, to give accommodating products. As the merchandise were nonconforming when they were conveyed to the transporter doubtlessly Punked Jeans would be in penetrate. Feilong provided a spotless Bill of Lading, which shows that they got the things in the right condition, however since the Bill of Lading condition report just needs to demonstrate the outward appearance of the things (I. e. the outside of the compartment the pants were conveyed in), Punked would not have the option to utilize this as proof that the right measure of pants had been conveyed, simply it would speak to the right measure of holders had been conveyed and stacked. This implies Punked Jeans has for sure penetrated CISG Article 35(1), by conveying the off base amount of pants. This break is probably going to be viewed as a key penetrate as per CISG Article 25 as SurfLife pants has been considerably denied of they were qualified for, accepting just 13,000 of the 15,000 of pants requested. The extra 1,000 XXL pants won’t be considered as making up a portion of the numbers as they are not useable by the organization. Cures: Under CISG Article 45 the purchaser has a progression of cures accessible if the vender neglects to play out any of his commitments. These remember rights for Articles 46-52, and harms from 74-77. Solutions for the off base number of pants that might be looked for by SurfLife against Punked Jeans, as per Article 25 (Fundamental Breach) and Article 51, include: conveyance of substitute merchandise (Article 46), extra timespan for conveyance (Article 47), giving a self-rectification cure at Punked Jeans’ own cost (Article 48), proclaim the agreement dodged (Article 49), or diminish the cost paid for the products (Article 50). The best strategy so as to cure matter is to decrease the value the Punked Jeans charges for the merchandise by the measure of the missing pants. This is on the grounds that the interest for the pants has passed, which makes Articles 46 and 47 insufficient; just piece of the bundle hadn’t been conveyed, making Article 49 incapable; and a self-adjusting cure adds extra cost to Punked Jeans, as contradicted (Article 48), instead of Article 50 which basically brings about a lower pay to Punked Jeans. In any case, SurfLife can even now guarantee harms under CISG Articles 74-76. SurfLife can guarantee harms including loss of benefits (Article 74), and the expenses of buying substitution merchandise (Article 75). Lamentably for Punked Jeans, SurfLife were sufficiently brilliant to safeguard the merchandise dismissed for non-similarity (the extra XXL pants), as under Article 86 on the off chance that they hadn’t have kept them, at that point they would not have a case for the additional pants. End: The outcome for Punked Jeans is that they are probably going to need to diminish the cost paid for the products by 2,000 of pants, just as giving harms to the loss of benefit the SurfLife would have gotten from selling those pants. With respect to the late conveyance and mildew covered and recolored pants SurfLife will have no case against Punked Jeans. Part B: The primary issues for the situation are the late conveyance, the off base number of pants, and the mildew covered and recolored pants. So as to decide the rights and commitments of Feilong Transportation Company (Feilong), and any goals accessible, there are various strides to be taken. What are the administering laws of the case? The administering laws for this situation are the Carriage of Goods via Sea Act (COGSA) Section 11(a) which expresses that all carriage of products from an Australian port to an abroad port select Australian law as the overseeing law. Segment 10(1)(b)(i) states that the Modified Hague-Visby Rules (MHVR) apply as per Article 10 of the MHVR. Under Article 10(1) of the MHVR the guidelines of the MHVR apply to outbound carriage of merchandise from Australia. Different laws relevant for this situation are the CPT Incoterms, which were explicitly characterized in the agreement. Can the purchaser sue the bearer? In Australia law there is a general guideline called the privity of agreement. This implies the agreement is enforceable as between parties in an agreement as it were. This effects the rights and commitments of Feilong to SurfLife and the carriage of the products to Osaka was sorted out by an agreement between Punked Jeans and Feilong (in light of the CPT Incoterms) not among SurfLife and Feilong. Under the privity of agreement rule it would then not be workable for SurfLife to sue Feilong. As found in Part A the main case SurfLife can have against Punked Jeans is for the erroneous number of pants conveyed. Segment 8 of the Sea-Carriage Documents Act 1998 (Vic) takes into consideration the exchange of rights under an agreement of carriage to the progressive holders of the Bill of Lading. Under segment 10 the liabilities are additionally moved simultaneously. This takes into account SurfLife to sue Feilong as the holder of the Bill of Lading while the carriage was being made. A second significant factor in the capacity for SurfLife to sue Feilong depends on the MHVR. Under the Hague or Hague-Visby guidelines a transporter would just be mindful under the principles from tackle to handle, which means from the stacking to the emptying of the products and no further. As the harm for the situation happened when stacking the compartment on a truck to be conveyed to the boat this harm would not have gone under the carrier’s obligation. Since the products had been conveyed it would not have gone under the seller’s duty either thus SurfLife would need to cover the harms themselves. Under the MHVR Article 1(3) the obligations of the transporter stretch out port to

False Love, Forever Culture Interpreter of Maladies, Sexy, and Hell Heaven - Literature Essay Samples

Through stories of American-Bengali collision, Jhumpa Lahiri explores the nuances and complexities of cross-cultural relations and desires. In her three distinct works, â€Å"Interpreter of Maladies†, â€Å"Sexy†, and â€Å"Hell Heaven†, Lahiri examines how one’s roots can lead to resentment, as well as how people can be vehicles for cultural exploration. In each story, Lahiri tells each character’s unique stories of cultural frustration and transition through the lense of lust, both sexual and platonic. Through this narrative of desire, Lahiri explains how while lust is often the manifestation of cultural transitioning and dissatisfaction, it is also only temporary. In three distinct stories dissecting American-Bengali cross-cultural relations, Lahiri uses lust to explore the intense longings of each character to belong to a culture different than his or her own, whether it be American or Bengali. In â€Å"Interpreter of Maladies†, Lahiri immediately establishes this theme when Mr. Kapasi first describes Mrs. Das, the mother of the American tourist family. In a description of intense fascination, Lahiri notes that Mr. Kapasi â€Å"observed her. She wore a red-and-white-checkered skirt that stopped above her knees, slip-on shoes with a square wooden heel, and a close-fitting blouse styled like a man’s undershirt† (â€Å"Interpreter of Maladies† 2). In this description, Lahiri captures Mr. Kapasi’s lust through detailed observation and fixation on the fit of Mrs. Das’s blouse. Hardly describing the other characters in similar detail, Lahiri instead focuses on Mr. Kapasi’s obsession for Mrs. Das to e xplore how his lust for Mrs. Das is also lust for America. Mr. Das’s attention towards the tight fit of Mrs. Das’ blouse as well as her ‘red-and-white-checkered skirt’ muddles the line between Mr. Kapasi’s attraction to Mrs. Das and his interest in the ‘Americanness’ that the skirt and her other American attire represents. Lahiri once again conveys desire for American culture as a lust for an individual person when Usha, a girl raised in a traditional Bengali household, idolizes Deborah, the white, American fiancà © of her Bengali family friend. In contrast to Usha’s traditional Bengali outfits that her mother imposes on her, Deborah’s attire is the archetype of American culture. Usha longs for this look and the American lifestyle it implies and notes, â€Å"I loved her serene gray eyes, the ponchos and denim wrap skirts and sandals she wore, her straight hair that she let me manipulate into all sorts of silly styles. I longed for her casual appearance† (Hell-Heaven 4). Usha’s obsession not with Deborah’s personality but rather with her appearance demonstrates Usha’s specific infatuation with the American culture that Deborah represents. In contrast to the strict and formal lifestyle that Usha’s Bengali parents impose on her, Deborah’s ‘casual’ appearance portrays the American freedom and ease that Usha yearns for. Similarly, in â€Å"Sexy†, Miranda lusts after Dev in order to achieve the romantic exoticism that she associates with his Bengali cultur e. Throughout the story, Miranda ties together Dev’s Indian ethnicity with him being â€Å"worldly† and â€Å"mature† (â€Å"Sexy† 4), whether these conclusions are fair or not. As she sits at her cubicle, Miranda fantasizes about taking pictures with Dev at places like the Taj Majal, just as her Indian and more worldly deskmate Laxmi already has with her boyfriend: â€Å"Miranda began to wish that there were a picture of her and Dev tacked to the inside of her cubicle, like the one of Laxmi and her husband in front of the Taj Mahal† (â€Å"Sexy† 4). The image of the Taj Mahal, a symbol of worldliness and Indian culture, emphasizes Miranda’s desire to associate herself with this different culture. Miranda does not simply want to be with Dev, but wants to be with Dev at the Taj Mahal, demonstrating how her longing for Dev is not only for his love and companionship but also for the Indian culture that he represents. In all three stories , Lahiri intertwines attractive features with symbols and indications of other cultures to draw out how regardless of the characters’ awareness, their lust captures both interpersonal and intercultural attraction. Once this lust is established, Lahiri demonstrates how this desire derives from Mr. Kapasi and Usha’s dissatisfaction with Bengali Culture, and Miranda’s guilt she feels towards her own narrow American upbringing. In â€Å"Interpreter of Maladies†, Mr. Kapasi’s fantasies about Mrs. Das stem from his unhappiness with his own marriage. While his own wife represents traditional Bengali culture, Mrs. Das is the antithesis; while his wife serves her husband tea and dresses conservatively, Mrs. Das is self-centered, demanding, and her attire exposes more skin. Lahiri notes this distinction and explains â€Å"He had never seen his own wife fully naked He had never admired the backs of his wife’s legs the way he now admired those of Mrs. Das, walking as if for his benefit alone† (â€Å"Interpreter of Maladies† 9). This juxtaposition contrasts Bengali and American culture as well as highlights Mr. Kapasi’s attraction to the latter. His d issatisfaction with his Bengali marriage not only fosters dissatisfaction for his culture, but also serves as a point of comparison that awakens Mr. Kapasi to this perceived ‘value’ of American clothing and culture. Usha similarly loves Deborah because she is the opposite as well as the enemy of her mother. While her mother represents Bengali culture through her traditional family values and reserved demeanor, Debora instead represents the American culture that Usha longs to be a part of. As Usha’s begins to associate herself with American culture, her respect towards her mother and her Bengali lifestyle falters: â€Å"I began to pity my mother; the older I got, the more I saw what a desolate life she led† (â€Å"Hell-Heaven† 11). Usha’s pity for her mother who symbolizes Bengali values not only demonstrates Usha’s disdain for Bengali culture, but also her perceived superiority. Her choice of the word desolate further promotes this not ion of a perceived hierarchy between the two cultures by explaining how Usha’s love of America can only be so strong because she compares America with her perception of empty Bengali culture. However, presenting a contrast to Usha and Mr. Kapasi, Miranda’s lust derives not from dissatisfaction, but rather guilt. Miranda, born into American culture, feels ashamed of how this upbringing caused her to have racist misconceptions towards Bengalis. As a child, when Miranda would pass by the home of the Dixits, a Bengali family, she â€Å"held her breath until she reached the next lawn, just as she did when the school bus passed a cemetery. It shamed her now† (â€Å"Sexy† 10). In Lahiri’s discussion of then vs. now, Lahiri explores how Miranda’s past informs her present. In describing how Miranda’s only now feels shame about her past cultural awareness, Lahiri connects Miranda’s very white, American, and homogeneous childhood culture with her current obsession of experiencing Bengali culture through Dev. Like Mr. Kapasi and Usha, the root of Miranda’s lust is not love but rather ulterior feelings of disgust towards her orig ins. However, ultimately Lahiri concludes that this lust is only temporary when the characters’ choose to return to the comfort of their original cultures. In â€Å"Interpreter of Maladies†, Mr. Kapasi gives up on his hopes of a relationship with Mrs. Das when cross-cultural communication and understanding proves to be too difficult. In a series of dissonant moments beginning with a divided reaction to Mrs. Das’s affair, Mrs. Das and Mr. Kapasi’s cultural disconnect culminates in the irredeemable loss of Mr. Kapasi’s address: â€Å"The slip of paper with Mr. Kapasi’s address on it fluttered away in the wind. No one but Mr. Kapasi noticed. He watched as it rose, carried higher and higher by the breeze† (â€Å"Interpreter of Maladies† 15). This slip of paper, created at the birth of their relationship, symbolizes Mrs. Das and Mr. Kapasi’s connection, as well as Mr. Kapasis network beyond his own Bengali culture. As it flies away forever, Mr. Kapasi’s lust for Mrs. Das and his hope to expand his cultural ties similarly becomes lost and irretrievable, as he knows he will instead return to his wife and original culture. Furthermore, the way in which the wind carries the paper away as Mr. Kapasi watches passively portrays cross-cultural miscommunication as the natural way of the world and as something one has no choice but to accept. In â€Å"Sexy†, Lahiri once again notes the false and momentary nature of lust when she discusses what the word ‘sexy’ means to Miranda as opposed to a child who is a victim of infidelity. When Dev first calls Miranda sexy, she is blinded by lust and believes it is a sign of love, or at least real emotion. Yet after asking Rohin, the child a cheating father, what the word ‘sexy’ means, he explains that â€Å"it means loving someone you don’t know† (â€Å"Sexy† 13). Whereas Miranda believed Dev used the word ‘sexy’ because he loved her truest self, Rohin realizes that in fact he never truly knew her. Just like Miranda’s infatuation with Bengali culture, Dev’s love wasn’t from a place of understanding, and so their love, as well as their cross-cultural relationship, would always be too unfamiliar to last. Lahiri further enforces this point when Dev returns to his Bengali wife and Miranda finds new f riends in Manhattan, demonstrating their natural tendencies to find comfort in similar people. Finally, in â€Å"Hell-Heaven†, Usha witnesses this trade of cross-cultural connections for comfort and one’s cultural origins when Pranab Kaku, her Bengali family friend, leaves Deborah for a Bengali woman. Despite the seeming strength of his and Deborah’s relationship at the beginning of the story, as the plot develops their lust gives way to the inevitable desire to find people who share their backgrounds: â€Å"After twenty-three years of marriage, Pranab Kaku and Deborah got divorced. It was he who had strayed, falling in love with a married Bengali woman† (â€Å"Sexy† 19). Lahiri’s neutral and unsurprised tone makes clear that the Pranab and Deborah’s relationship was hopeless from the start. Lahiri’s impartial acceptance of their fate only undermines the couple’s history of lust and stability, demonstrating the little and temporary influence of lust, and the immense authority of cultural ties.

John Smith Essay - 857 Words

John Smith is one of the most famous people in American literature history. He was a dedicated man to his country of England, and wanted nothing more than to claim America in the name of the king. During his adventures to the new land he encountered many new things and people including a young Native American woman named Pocahontas. He also wrote many journals enticing people to want to come to America. This shall tell you the story of John Smith from his journeys as a young man all the way to when he finally came to America, and how his writings still influence people to immigrate to America still today. John Smith was born in Lincolnshire, England to a farmer and his wife in 1580. He only had a grammar school education, but with this†¦show more content†¦With this policy, the survival rate grew to nearly ninety percent that year. He organized successful trading with the Native American Powhattan. Smith was however captured by him and only spared when Powhattan’s daughter Pocahontas pleaded for his life. This is where the story of Pocahontas comes from. Smith wrote a letter about this encounter to Queen Anne when he heard of her coming to England years later. He wanted to ensure that she would not be treated as someone that could not be trusted. He wanted to show her loyalty to him and to England. Smith was badly burned in 1606 from a gunpowder explosion and forced to return back to England. In 1614 he returned with an expedition to map the New England coastline. He would never return to Virginia again after this. He would from then on only promote colonizing the New England area. His efforts to promote colonizing were blocked by weather, pirates and lack of funding. He then resorted to writing about colonization. In his writing he elaborated about how wonderful it was in the new world. He would say that the fish practically jump into your boat when you go fishing and things such as that. He made the new world seem better than it really was so people would want to travel here and settle in it. His plan worked because year after year more and more people flocked to the New England hoping to colonize and not have to worry about running outShow MoreRelatedThe Legacy Of John Smith1043 Words   |  5 PagesWhen the name John Smith is mentioned, people of all ages are familiar with it and could tell a lot about him. Why is this? How is it that a man who lived over 400 years ago still so popular today, more specifically to our children? The answer to that question is because John Smith can be viewed as one of America’s earliest heroes. His leadership was vital to the survival of the Jamestown colony. Most people are familiar with his famous quote, â€Å"he that will not work shall not eat.† He carried allRead MoreJohn Smith vs John Winthrop2051 Words   |  9 PagesJessica Helin Paper 1 U.S. History 1 GEN223 John Smith vs. John Winthrop In the early years of America, there was a great deal of political and religious turmoil occurring in England. People wanted to escape to a place where they wouldnt be outlawed for their independent congregations and personal philosophies that they believed in. Eminent men, like John Smith and John Winthrop, saw America as a great opportunity to start over where they could establish new communities separatedRead MorePocahontas and John Smith805 Words   |  4 PagesPocahontas and John Smith Pocahontas is set in 1607, just as a new age of exploration has begun. A group of British adventurers led by the greedy governor of the Virginia Company, John Ratcliffe, and including a fearless soldier named John Smith, have set sail for the New World aboard The Susan Constant, seeking gold and other treasures. Meanwhile, in Virginia, a beautiful young Native American woman named Pocahontas, the daughter of Chief Powhatan. The type of painting is made of oilRead MoreDisadvantages And Advants Of Captain John Smith Vs. Jamestown Vs717 Words   |  3 Pagescolony won’t abandon you and will embrace you as a family member. While on the other hand, if you are on Captain John Smiths Crew you will get to travel the sea and claim new territory, but if you get sick or injured you will be left for dead. Advantages and disadvantages we all have our own thirst for adventure and will make it hard to choose between the two colonies. Capt. John Smith and both Bradford were both the leader of their colonies (Jamestown Plymouth). They had both traveled from EnglandRead MoreJohn Smith Essays1440 Words   |  6 PagesJohn Smith As an adventurous English boy, John Smith longed to see the world, but he probably never imagined that hed become famous for helping settle a new colony. John Smith belongs in History because he is the one who helped Jamestown get food and helped organize and run the colony. John Smith, English explorer and colonist, was an important leader and has changed America. John Smith was born on January 8, 1580 in a small town of Willoughby, Lincolnshire, England. A couple days after JohnsRead MoreThe Battle Of The Settlers By John Smith1474 Words   |  6 PagesNewport gone, John Smith took matters into his own hands, doing what he believed was best for the colony. In a desperate effort to save the settlers, Smith made a courageous attempt to trade with the local Native Americans for food. On December 10, 1607, Smith and a small group of men sailed up the James River only to be attacked by a Native American tribe when they entered the forest. In the short, bloody battle, two Native American warriors were killed as well as the colonial explorers. Smith was capturedRead MoreJohn Smith : A True Hero996 Words   |  4 PagesMany of us know John Smith as a fearless leader, a true hero, a man who was solely responsible for the success of Jamestown (the first English colony in the North America). Yes, John Smith was a courageous leader, but he wasn†™t perfect. Like most men of the 1600’s John Smith’s attitude toward Native Americans was cruel and unkind. He treated most Native Americans as lesser beings, establishing himself as a superior figure over them. Multiple times John Smith displays his bias toward Native AmericansRead MoreClassical and Neoclassical Economists: Adam Smith and John Maynard Keynes1289 Words   |  6 Pagesessay I will only refer to the classical economists and the neoclassical economists. The two most influential economists that helped to shape our economy with their thoughts and theories that are still used in modern economy are Adam Smith a classical economist and John Maynard Keynes a neoclassical economist. These two economists are the most famous economists of all times. Even though that its known that their thoughts are opposites to one and other they also share some similarities for example asRead MoreThe Legacy Of Captain John Smith s Life Essay1278 Words   |  6 Pageson the exploits of Captain John Smith’s life, in this paper I will be covering several of his many achievements. In addition, I will be dispelling several of the popular myths in regards to his life that many modern day Americans believe in. Some of these more modern day myths or false narratives are due to his story being adapted and changed in order to make a children’s video by Disney, while others have been debated by historians ever since they were penned by Smith in one of his most famous worksRead MoreJohn Locke, Adam Smith, And Edmund Burke1922 Words   |  8 PagesJessica Morales Posc005W February 4, 2016 Section 22 John Locke, Adam Smith, and Edmund Burke have several values that are illustrated by today’s society. One of these values would be conservatism. It is true that we have changed today’s society, however; have we quickly changed these values or have we slowly taken our time to introduce them? Property is another value that illustrates today’s society. We need a state in order to own property. There is no other form of regulation that will tell

Social Networking Sites Are Not Bad - 1270 Words

Son Nhut Quang Professor Needham ENGL 1010 20 July 2015 Social Networking Nowadays, with the evolution of internet, social networking sites such as Facebook, Twitter, MySpace, and many sites else have become an indispensable part of life for many people. Access to social networks is the first thing that almost people do when they turn on their computer or phone; have you ever wondered why are social networking sites attractive to us? Many people argue that social networking such as Facebook can harm us; however, most of them use Facebook or other social networking sites every day, and some of them post things that will make you wonder why they post it. Social networking site are not bad, just the ways you use them make they become bad. Social networking sites have many benefits, and we can divide the benefits of social networking in four types: information, studying, communication and economy. It is obivious that we know more information when we use social networking site, and it has changed our way to receive information. Social network ing sites are fastest in spreading information because many people use it. According to Kristin Marino, â€Å"recent research confirms that we are living in the digital information age. From Alaska to Florida, nearly half of all Americans get some form of local news on a mobile device, and 46 percent of people get their news online at least three times a week,† so â€Å"social networking sites are a top news source for 27.8% of Americans, rankingShow MoreRelatedSocial Networking Sites Are Good Or Bad For Society2449 Words   |  10 PagesSocial media is a term that does not need to be defined, everyone knows what social media is. Even people in the most distant of places have heard, or even use, social networking sites. People today use social networking sites on a regular basis. 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The Confidentiality vs. Duty to Warn Conundrum free essay sample

The Confidentiality vs. Duty to Warn Conundrum This report will examine the ethical conundrum of patient confidentiality vs. a doctor’s duty to warn a patient of a potential health risk (see Appendix one for scenario). Primarily, this report will argue that patient confidentiality cannot be overruled, as there is not adequate legal or ethical reasoning to do so and as such, Jane’s doctor should not inform her children of their potential mutated gene. A gene can be defined as ‘A sequence of DNA that carries the information required to make a molecule, usually a protein’ (Yourgenome. org: 2010). Deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, is made up of genes and is contained in the nucleus of cells in the human body and its purpose, simply put, is to instruct the body on how and when various proteins should be constructed (Geneticshomereference. gov: 2011). These instructions are constructed, and subsequently differ from organism to organism, by the pairing and subsequent alignment of four bases; adenine thymine, guanine and cytosine. This alignment is known as a double helix (See Appendix 2 for image). Proteins, which are made up of amino acids, are an essential part of all living organisms and are necessary for growth and muscle development (Google Dictionary: 2010). In humans, when a male sperm cell and a female egg cell combine to produce a zygote, specific genes from the two parents are combined. The genes that are selected for this new child are based on their dominant or recessive qualities. Genetic mutation is defined by Wordnetweb. princeton (2010) as being ‘Any alteration in the inherited nucleic acid sequence of the genotype of an organism’. This mutation can occur for a variety of reasons; exposure to radiation, environmental factors (including ultra-violet light) or genetic construction errors. Male sperm cells contain either an XY or XX pattern on their chromosome; an XY pattern eventuates in the creation of a male, while an XX pattern eventuates in a female. Females only receive X chromosomes and as such, they always contribute X chromosomes to a child, whereas a male can contribute either an X or a Y chromosome to the child, as he received both. In this scenario, Jane received a mutated BRCA1 gene from her father, as well as a normal BRCA1 gene from her mother. Subsequently, Jane had two children; a boy and a girl, with a husband who is not a carrier of the mutation. Jane’s children’s pattern of genealogical inheritance in relation to the BRCA1 gene is demonstrated in the table below: (Blue squares represent egg cells contributed by Jane, while red squares represent sperm cells contributed by Jane’s husband. | N (representing a normal BRCA1 gene)| N (representing a normal BRCA1 gene)| M (representing a mutated BRCA1 gene)| MNThis would result in a child carrying the mutation. | NMThis would result in a child carrying the mutation. | N(representing a normal BRCA1 gene)| NNThis would result in a normal BRCA1 gene being inherited. | NNThis would result in a normal BRCA1 gene being inherited. | The above table illustrates that there is only a 50% chance of either child inheriting a mutated BRCA1 gene. This means that there is no guarantee that Jane’s children will have contracted the gene. However, the BRCA1 gene is a gene which, after mutation, is linked with increased likelihood of contracting breast cancer. The BRCA1 gene belongs to a class of genes known as tumour suppressors. Hence, when the gene is mutated, and can no longer do the job it was intended for and the patient becomes far more prone to contracting cancer. According to Cancer. gov, a patient who has a mutated BRCA1 gene is up to 10 times more likely to contract breast cancer, and a utation of the BRCA1 gene is related to 10% of all breast cancer cases in Australia. However, importantly, having a mutated gene does not, in itself, guarantee the growth of a cancer (Geneticshomereference. gov: 2011). The most common form of testing for a mutated BRCA1 gene commences when a blood sample is taken, and the patient’s BRCA1 gene base code is examined. If there are any serious imperfections in the gene code, th en it is highly likely that a mutation has occurred to the BRCA1 gene, and the patient is informed as such (Healthwise: 2011). However, this highly invasive test can cause extreme anxiety and, if every medical practitioner notified relatives if cancer patients so that genetic testing could be conducted, many of the relatives of these cancer patients would suffer further anxiety, while additional financial strain would be placed on the already limited resources available. Genetically, a mutation of any of the tumour suppressing genes, but particularly the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, will cause a heightening of the chances of contacting breast cancer. Environmental and lifestyle factors that may promote the growth of breast cancer include exposure to electro-magnetic or nuclear radiation, obesity, childbearing, hormone replacement therapy, and obsessive alcohol consumption (PHG Foundation: 2010). Treatment of breast cancer usually entails the utilisation of a number of options, including chemotherapy, surgery, radiation therapy, and anti-hormonal therapy (Caring4Cancer: 2011). However, while all of these treatments are extremely invasive, they have been proven to be effective for the vast majority of patients and for most patients, there is no alternative. After treatment, additional screening is conducted every six months, so as to check that the cancer has completely subsided. Much debate exists as to whether breast cancer is a Mendelian or a complex disorder. However, there is more than one type of breast cancer; the most common being infiltrating ductal carcinoma. Although some strains of this disease are definitely related to a single gene, other strains, including infiltrating ductal carcinoma, have not been found to be linked to any one gene but rather a combination of environmental factors and a number of genes (Caring4Cancer: 2011). As such, having a mutated BRCA1 gene does not guarantee that a cancer will develop, as a number of other key factors would also have to be present. The relationship that is entered into between a doctor and a patient is, as the Hippocratic Oath suggests, a completely confidential and private one; â€Å"Whatever in connection with my professional practice†¦ I will not divulge† (Various authors: 1995 adaptation). The Information Privacy Act of 2009 states that â€Å"The use and disclosure of genetic information is only legitimised when: â€Å"The health service provider reasonably believes that there is a serious threat to the life, health or safety of a genetic relative of the patient† * â€Å"The use or disclosure to the genetic relative is necessary to lessen or prevent that threat† (The Queensland Government: 2011) The law clearly stipulates that if the lives of genetic relatives of the patient, such as children, are seriously endangered, a patientâ€℠¢s confidentiality can be broken in the stead of preventing serious harm. However, in this scenario, there is no confirmed ‘serious threat to life’ and as such, if Jane’s doctor was to inform her children of her mutated gene, then his actions could be deemed as being an infringement of Jane’s ethical and legal right to confidentiality. Genetic information is, like all other medical information, a strictly confidential matter, and in this scenario it is important to remember that a child only has a 50% chance of having an identical gene as that of the mother. As there is no confirmed, and therefore arguably no serious, threat presented, it would likely be deemed illegal for Jane’s doctor to breech confidentiality. Wordnetweb. princeton (2010) defines confidentiality as â€Å"The level of official classification for documents†¦ available only to persons authorised to see documents so classified†. In the scenario in question, the only people authorised to observe documents relating to Jane’s genes are her doctor, and any doctors that Jane’s doctor wishes to discuss the matter with; in a strictly professional sense. According to pinoydocs. om, the duty to warn is â€Å"An ethical obligation to tell people of a danger†. In this scenario, the people who are in need of warning are Jane’s children, as the danger is that they may also have a mutated BRCA1 gene, which would significantly increase their chances of contracting a life threatening disease. There are a number of reasons that Jane may have for not wishing to inform her children of her mutated BRCA1 gene, such as a desire for privacy. However, it is vitally important to realise that there is no way of fully comprehending Jane’s reasoning. For example her children may have been adopted or IVF, and she may wish for this to remain private; a privacy which would be compromised if they were to be tested for the gene. Primarily, it is important to note that Jane’s reasons are just that; her own, and as an adult, she is believed to be able to make responsible decisions about her own personal information, and her decision to not inform her children must be respected and complied with by her doctor. If Jane does inform her children, there may be a number of severe negative effects. Her children may suffer undue anxiety; having the gene does not, in itself, guarantee the growth of a cancer. Alternatively, neither child may even have the gene at all. Additionally, relationships often govern ethics, and if Jane’s children were to be informed, then the mother/child relationship may then suffer undue negative feelings, or a lack of trust. If Jane’s children were to be informed, then potential harm may be avoided. However, if the children were to have a mutated BRCA1 gene, a hypothetical situation in itself, then nothing may result; there is only a heightened chance of cancer growth, rather than any guarantee. As such, Jane’s decision may be a wise one; why should she place her family in turmoil if there is only a chance that any harm will actually materialise? The duty to warn can only override the right to confidentiality if there is a serious, and therefore confirmed, threat to life. Even if Jane’s children actually have the gene, there is no evidence of any imminent threat posed by Jane’s actions. Breeching confidentiality may lead to Jane, and eventually the general public, losing trust in the medical practice, which could result in serious further problems including refusal to present and refusal of treatment. Even though Jane’s children may appreciate receiving the information in the short term, it is likely that they and in turn the general public would begin to question the value of patient confidentiality. Furthermore, as the mutation is linked to around 10% of all breast cancers, should the doctors of all of these patients, potentially tens of thousands of people, break confidentiality? This could lead to a slippery-slope effect, wherein eventually, confidentially is no longer valued or upheld; an immeasurable catastrophe for the health care system. In conclusion, this report has found that there is not sufficient reasoning for Jane’s doctor to break patient confidentiality. To do so may cause serious harm to Jane and her family, which may culminate in a complete family breakdown. As well, harsh consequences for her doctor may ensue, as he would likely be deemed to be breaking the law by unjustifiably compromising a patient’s right to confidentiality.